AlgoPlus//structures / von-neumann
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Von Neumann Architecture

One CPU, one memory for code and data, I/O — and the shared-bus bottleneck.

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In a nutshell
The von Neumann architecture is the blueprint behind almost every computer: a CPU, a single memory, and I/O, all connected by a shared bus. Its defining idea is the stored program — instructions live in the same memory as the data, so the machine is reprogrammed by loading new memory rather than rewiring. The catch is the von Neumann bottleneck: because code and data travel the same bus, the CPU cannot fetch an instruction and its data at the same time.
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The stored-program computer keeps instructions and data in one memory wired to the CPU and I/O by a shared bus. That single bus is the famous bottleneck — the CPU cannot fetch an instruction and its data at once.
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