AlgoPlusAlgoPlus
← All modules

Web & the Browser

How the web actually works — from a URL to pixels, plus the machinery behind browsers, search, and fast pages. · 8 topics

How the web works
Rendering Pipeline→
How a browser turns HTML & CSS into pixels.
URL → Pixels→
The full page-load waterfall, from DNS to first paint.
How a Browser Works→
The multi-process model and the JavaScript event loop.
Search & delivery
Search Engine: Crawl, Index, Rank→
How a search engine finds pages and orders them with PageRank.
HTTP Caching→
How the browser avoids re-downloading things.
Performance & security
Core Web Vitals→
LCP, CLS, and INP — the three metrics Google uses to grade page experience.
Cookies, Sessions & Login→
How a site remembers you across stateless requests.
How HTTPS Keeps a Page Safe→
The padlock: certificates and the TLS handshake (see also Networking).